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Historical Developments in Biological Control Recent Advances. [61][63] The tall variety is outcrossing while dwarf palms are self-pollinating, which has led to a much greater degree of genetic diversity within the tall group. Coconuts are high in fiber, which helps bulk up your stool and supports bowel regularity, keeping your digestive system healthy ( 6 , 17 ). 98% of coconut is grown by more than 10 million resource poor smallholder and sharecropper families, on smallholdings under 4 ha. Coconut Prices Set to Soar Amid Civil War and Crop Failures; R Ford; The Grocer; April 8, 2011. Coconuts can only be grown in temperatures above 18C (64F) and need a daily temperature above 22C (72F) to produce fruit. Fruit farming has more economic advantages than vegetable farming. [130], A special cultivar of coconut known as macapuno produces a large amount of jelly-like coconut meat. Nata de coco, also called coconut gel, is another jelly-like coconut product made from fermented coconut water. What Does The Fig Tree Represent In John 1? Traditional areas of coconut in India are the states of Kerala, Tamilnadu, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Orissa, Goa, West Bengal, Pondicherry, Maharashtra and Islands of Lakshadweep and Andaman and Nicobar. Whether you are starting your first company or you are a dedicated entrepreneur diving into a new venture, Bizfluent is here to equip you with the tactics, tools and information to establish and run your ventures. A coconut is the edible fruit of the coconut palm (Cocos nucifera), a tree of the palm family. They include morphotaxa like Palmoxylon sundaran, Palmoxylon insignae, and Palmocarpon cocoides. Ans : Ripening is characterised by an increase in the breakdown of starch within the fruit, as well as an increase in the number of simple sugars that are sweet in taste such as sucrose, glucose, and fructose as a result of this breakdown. ~The effect will be much stronger when consumed by adding ~When mask made with milk inside coconut, color tone of skin will be opened. Overall, unsweetened coconut meat makes a great addition to a balanced diet. Phylogenetic evidence supports the closest relatives of Cocos being either Syagrus or Attalea, both of which are found in South America. (2008). (1992). Tempurung, as the shell is called in the Malay language, can be used as a soup bowl and if fixed with a handle a ladle. [24], The palm produces both the female and male flowers on the same inflorescence; thus, the palm is monoecious. Coconut is a crop of small and marginal farmers since 98% of about five million coconut holdings in the country are less than two hectares. But this is uncommon. But we had laid about half among the special provisions below deck, with the waves washing around them. Coconut Oil May Help Treat Acne Because coconut oil and its components may help reduce inflammation in the body, it may also aid in the treatment of acne. 2) The Wet Meat or Kernel: The kernel or endospermis an important article of food being used in culinary purpose. What are the importance of coconut and its different uses? She earned her B.A. [180], According to urban legend, more deaths are caused by falling coconuts than by sharks annually. It noted that by using these small atolls, the species could easily island-hop. [49][18][61], The niu kafa form is the wild ancestral type, with thick husks to protect the seed, an angular, highly ridged shape to promote buoyancy during ocean dispersal, and a pointed base that allowed fruits to dig into the sand, preventing them from being washed away during germination on a new island. Elzebroek, A.T.G. [18][19] Niu vai endocarp fragments have been recovered in archaeological sites in the St. Matthias Islands of the Bismarck Archipelago. Coconut oil is moisturizing and has been used for centuries as a hair tonic and skin care product. It prefers areas with abundant sunlight and regular rainfall (1,5002,500mm[5998in] annually), which makes colonizing shorelines of the tropics relatively straightforward. Adkins S.W., M. Foale and Y.M.S. [160], Coir (the fiber from the husk of the coconut) is used in ropes, mats, doormats, brushes, and sacks, as caulking for boats, and as stuffing fiber for mattresses. Coconut flesh is either eaten raw or dried to form copra, the meat of the seed and the source for coconut oil. [125] These can be toasted or baked to make bacon-like fixings. [182] The earliest direct description is given by Cosmas Indicopleustes in his Topographia Christiana written around 545, referred to as "the great nut of India". [114], The coconut palm is grown throughout the tropics for decoration, as well as for its many culinary and nonculinary uses; virtually every part of the coconut palm can be used by humans in some manner and has significant economic value. 37(9):830-5, 2004. [92][93][94] Training schools for pig-tailed macaques still exist both in southern Thailand and in the Malaysian state of Kelantan. [49], In contrast to the Pacific coconuts, Indo-Atlantic coconuts were largely spread by Arab and Persian traders into the East African coast. Only a few of the roots penetrate deep into the soil for stability. The fruit may also be damaged by eriophyid coconut mites (Eriophyes guerreronis). Want this question answered? The original one is held each October in Greenwich. In the United States, coconut palms can be grown and reproduced outdoors without irrigation in Hawaii, southern and central Florida,[110] and the territories of Puerto Rico, Guam, American Samoa, the U.S. Virgin Islands, and the Northern Mariana Islands. "Chapter 12 Coconut". [103] Other states, such as Goa, Maharashtra, Odisha, West Bengal, and those in the northeast (Tripura and Assam) account for the remaining productions. [18][49] However, they may have also been partially selected for thicker husks for coir production, which was also important in Austronesian material culture as a source for cordage in building houses and boats. According to the Just Change Trust in India, over 500 million coconut palms are cultivated in tropical regions, where coconuts are the prime source of fats and protein for more than 400 million people. The Coconut Research Center describes the nut as rich in fiber, vitamins, and minerals with oil comprising mainly medium-chain fatty acids. Request Answer. However, both James Cook and William Bligh[69] (put adrift after the Bounty mutiny) found no sign of the nuts along this 2,000km (1,200mi) stretch when he needed water for his crew. What are the benefits of drinking coconut water? [102], Coconut milk, not to be confused with coconut water, is obtained by pressing the grated coconut meat, usually with hot water added which extracts the coconut oil, proteins, and aromatic compounds. Spraying with wettable sulfur 0.4% or with Neem-based pesticides can give some relief, but is cumbersome and labor-intensive. [1] Although these numbers are modest, coconut is an important food crop in Sri Lanka in that it provides Two of the pores are plugged (the "eyes"), while one is functional. The husks of the coconut are a source of coir, a fiber used in the production of brushes, matting, and other products. Female flower Bracteate, ebracteolate, sessile, pistillate, incomplete, trimerous, actinomorphic and hypogynous. What are the benefits of coconut products? [174], The flowers are used sometimes in wedding ceremonies in Cambodia. Leaves are also woven into small piuches that are filled with rice and cooked to make pus and ketupat.[162]. Other aspects such as seed size, shape and weight, and copra thickness are also important factors in the selection of new cultivars. From this vinegar jaggery and sugar is prepared. [27][28] Endt & Hayward (1997) have noted their resemblance to members of the South American genus Parajubaea, rather than Cocos, and propose a South American origin. Handwritten notes availableIf you find any doubt then you can ask me in the comment section below Please do like,share, comment the video and subscr. The coconut is also a popular ingredient in many types of cuisine, including Southeast Asian, South Asian, and Caribbean dishes. Why Are There No Coconuts In North India? Moisturize properly after washing your face. The Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Kannur under Kerala Agricultural University has developed an innovative extension approach called the compact area group approach to combat coconut mites. Although archaeological remains dating back to 1000 to 500BCE also suggest that the Indo-Atlantic coconuts were also later independently cultivated by the Dravidian peoples, only Pacific coconuts show clear signs of domestication traits like dwarf habits, self-pollination, and rounded fruits. Global Coconut production yields 6 million tons in coconut oil equivalent annually and 70% is produced by Philippines, Indonesia and India, Coconut area as a % of viable arable and permanent cropland. This ritual, known as niniyogan, is an offering made to the deceased and one's ancestors. Coconuts take 12 months to fully mature and ripen. [7] A frayed piece of root can also be used as a toothbrush. [18][19][20], A full-sized coconut fruit weighs about 1.4 kilograms (3pounds 1ounce). Her articles have appeared in "Newton Magazine" and she has contributed to myriad popular books, including "Masters of Deception" and "Click: The Ultimate Photography Guide for Generation Now." Copyright 2023 Cocoanesia. What happens when you drink coconut water for 7 days? Due to growing sedentary lifestyles and heavy-handed landscaping, a decline in these traditional farming and soil-fixing techniques has occurred. Economic Role Coconut palms yield roughly 20 percent of the markets oils and fats, Just Change Trust estimates. Wild coconuts are naturally restricted to coastal areas in sandy, saline soils. [13] Like other fruits, it has three layers: the exocarp, mesocarp, and endocarp. However, they can be eaten anytime after seven months 1, 2. Coconut palms yield roughly 20 percent of the market's oils and fats, Just Change Trust estimates. However, it is not native and displays a genetic bottleneck resulting from a founder effect. These vary by the taste of the coconut water and color of the fruit, as well as other genetic factors. It allows toxins to be thrown out of stomach. Indo-Atlantic coconuts, in contrast, all have the ancestral traits of tall habits and elongated triangular fruits. Coconuts are grown in more than 93 countries in the world and therefore there is considerable scope to develop coir industry in further countries. In many parts of the world, the cultivation and sale of coconuts is a major source of income, especially for those living in rural areas. As of 2006, the U.S. annually imported 190 million pounds of coconut oil, whose worldwide trade reached $20 million. Copra is the dried meat of the seed and after processing produces coconut oil and coconut meal. It is still the largest producer of coconut oil and copra, accounting for 64% of the global production. 2022 Leaf Group Ltd. / Leaf Group Media, All Rights Reserved. [184], In March 1521, a description of the coconut was given by Antonio Pigafetta writing in Italian and using the words "cocho"/"cochi", as recorded in his journal after the first European crossing of the Pacific Ocean during the Magellan circumnavigation and meeting the inhabitants of what would become known as Guam and the Philippines. Apart from its economic importance, the environmental and . Hindus often initiate the beginning of any new activity by breaking a coconut to ensure the blessings of the gods and successful completion of the activity. The edible white, fleshy part of the seed (the endosperm) is known as the "coconut meat", "coconut flesh", or "coconut kernel. Based on these separate introductions, coconut populations can still be divided into Pacific coconuts and Indo-Atlantic coconuts, respectively. Mature coconuts, ovoid or ellipsoid in shape, 300450 mm (1218 inches) in length and 150200 mm (68 inches) in diameter, have a thick fibrous husk surrounding the familiar single-seeded nut of commerce. [23] The root system consists of an abundance of thin roots that grow outward from the plant near the surface. Climbing is the most widespread, but it is also more dangerous and requires skilled workers. The mesocarp is composed of a fiber, called coir, which has many traditional and commercial uses. The coconut fruit is an important economic commodity for many countries around the world. The sap derived from incising the flower clusters of the coconut is drunk as toddy, also known as tub in the Philippines (both fermented and fresh), tuak (Indonesia and Malaysia), karewe (fresh and not fermented, collected twice a day, for breakfast and dinner) in Kiribati, and neera in South Asia. As development continues, cellular layers of endosperm deposit along the walls of the endocarp up to 11mm (38in) thick, starting at the distal end. He also notes that several of the nuts began to germinate by the time they had been ten weeks at sea, precluding an unassisted journey of 100 days or more.[57]. The main coconut-producing area in the Middle East is the Dhofar region of Oman, but they can be grown all along the Persian Gulf, Arabian Sea, and Red Sea coasts, because these seas are tropical and provide enough humidity (through seawater evaporation) for coconut trees to grow. She earned her B.A. These allow the fruits to be more buoyant and makes it easier for them to lodge into sandy shorelines, making their shape ideal for ocean dispersal. The Makapuno (phenomenon) coconut is recognized to be due to the absence of two enzymes in the nut that are responsible in the degradation of the galactomannan in the solid endosperm so that it remains soft and this has become the characteristic of the nut. [144], Coconut sap, usually extracted from cut inflorescence stalks is sweet when fresh and can be drunk as is such as in tuba fresca of Mexico (derived from the Philippine tub). This basically turns the trunk of the tree into a ladder, though it reduces the value of coconut timber recovered from the trees and can be an entry point for infection. Coconut flesh is high in fat and can be dried or eaten fresh or processed into coconut milk orcoconut oil. Beneficial Effects of Virgin Coconut Oil on Lipid Parameters and in Vitro LDL Oxidation. The inner posterior tepal is completely outside. The evolutionary origin of the coconut is under dispute, with theories stating that it may have evolved in Asia, South America, or on Pacific islands. However, like most palm fossils, Cocos-like fossils are still putative, as they are usually difficult to identify. [70], Given that coconuts are ideally suited for inter-island group ocean dispersal, obviously some natural distribution did take place. Coconut copra, used to make coconut oil, is prepared at the coconut farms, using very simple techniques and taken to large scale oil mills through a complex and speculative marketing system. According to the Encyclopaedia Brittanica, the coconut and African oil palms have important roles in international trade as sources of vegetable oil and fat. It is dried out disintegrated coconut meat. The various parts of the coconut have a number of culinary uses. Various other products made from thickened coconut milk with sugar and/or eggs like coconut jam and coconut custard are also widespread in Southeast Asia. [146] The sap when fermented can also be made into coconut vinegar or various palm wines (which can be further distilled to make arrack). The milk or cream obtained by squeezing the granted kernel diluteded in water is sued in many preparations. They can be sorted mainly into tall cultivars, dwarf cultivars, and hybrid cultivars (hybrids between talls and dwarfs). Malauhog (literally "mucus-like") refers to very young coconut meat (around 6 to 7 months old) which has a translucent appearance and a gooey texture that disintegrates easily. Production is based in Southern Asia, Central and South America, Oceania and southern Africa; Asia accounts for 84 percent. in semiotics from Brown University and completed coursework for an M.A. Coconut palms are cultivated north of south Florida to roughly Cocoa Beach on the East Coast and Clearwater on the West Coast. Home Fruits What Is The Importance Of Coconut? Coconut oil is one of nine internationally traded vegetable oils and ranks eighth in global production. This page was last edited on 30 January 2023, at 13:03. [45], Modern genetic studies have identified the center of origin of coconuts as being the Central Indo-Pacific, the region between western Southeast Asia and Melanesia, where it shows greatest genetic diversity. In the Ilocos region of the northern Philippines, the Ilocano people fill two halved coconut shells with diket (cooked sweet rice), and place liningta nga itlog (halved boiled egg) on top of it. The inner flesh of the mature seed, as well as the coconut milk extracted from it, form a regular part of the diets of many people in the tropics and subtropics. In Thailand, the coconut husk is used as a potting medium to produce healthy forest tree saplings. The coconut water strengthens your immune system and removes bacteria that cause urinary tract infections, gonorrhea, gum diseases and viruses which are causing cold, infection diseases and typhus. They are ubiquitous in coastal tropical regions and are a cultural icon of the tropics. Coconut oil, from the seed of the palm coconut, Cocos nucifera, is highly revered in Asia as the "Tree of Life" or as the fruit of the gods. The biggest barrier to establishing an investment climate for coconut and an economic alternative to oil palm land area expansion is the critical lack of quality planting materials and coconut investment model. [4], The niu vai form is the domesticated form dominant in the Pacific coconuts. Fancy utensil can be prepare from shell. Rajamohan T. Clinical Biochemistry. Demand grew by 8 percent annually during 1993 to 2004. Coconut water serves as a suspension for the endosperm of the coconut during its nuclear phase of development. Encyclopaedia Brittanica online. In Tamil Nadu, Coimbatore and Tirupur regions top the production list. Required fields are marked *. Coconut meal leftovers from oil and milk production feeds livestock. What is the economic importance of coconut? Partially defatted edible coconut grating is an excellent product and used in bakery and confectionary. . The coconut tree provides food, fuel, cosmetics, folk medicine and building materials, among many other uses. [90], A system of bamboo bridges and ladders directly connecting the tree canopies are also utilized in the Philippines for coconut plantations that harvest coconut sap (not fruits) for coconut vinegar and palm wine production. Cocos-like fossils of fruits include "Cocos" intertrappeansis, "Cocos" pantii, and "Cocos" sahnii. Agriculture Industry In the past, the harvesting of coconuts and their husks was considered part of the waste or for burning fuel, and they did not have much economic benefit. [26][27][31], Outside of New Zealand and India, only two other regions have reported Cocos-like fossils, namely Australia and Colombia. Furthermore, the antibacterial properties of the medium-chain fatty acids in coconut oil could also help reduce acne. Scientific studies have found it effective for treating enlarged prostate and improving serum cholesterol. "It made sense" to bring the affair to . It is used for cooking various dishes. [89], Determining whether to harvest is also important. These includes two specimens named "Cocos" palaeonucifera and "Cocos" binoriensis, both were dated by their authors to the MaastrichtianDanian of the early Tertiary (70 to 62 million years ago). Besides, the stem is used for construction of houses and leaves are used for thatching, fencing and making baskets and broomsticks. They grow best near sea level, within 15 degrees of the Equator. Conclusion A high source of important vitamins and minerals, as well as high in fibre, fruits are an excellent food choice. However, several states like Assam, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Bihar, Tripura, Manipur, Nagaland and Arunachal Pradesh have emerged as non-traditional areas for the cultivation of coconut. Apical buds of adult plants are edible, and are known as "palm cabbage" or heart of palm. [121][122], Both Malauhog and Malakanin coconut meat of immature fruits can be eaten as is or used in salads, drinks, desserts, and pastries such as buko pie and es kelapa muda. Overall, the coconut fruit is an important economic resource that has a wide range of uses and contributes significantly to local and global economies. ; Batugal, P.; Bonnot, F. (2008). The coconut industry is an important pillar of Philippine agriculture. As of 2006, the U.S. annually imported 190 million pounds of coconut oil, whose worldwide trade reached $20 million. Coconuts were introduced by Europeans to the Americas only during the colonial era in the Columbian exchange, but there is evidence of a possible pre-Columbian introduction of Pacific coconuts to Panama by Austronesian sailors. And no coconut can float over the sea faster than a balsa raft moves with the wind behind it. How useful is a coconut tree Write 5 sentences? 3rd Floor, St Patricks Complex, Brigade Road, Aids in hydration. The terminology is derived from the Tagalog language. They were selected for by the Austronesian peoples for their larger endosperm-to-husk ratio as well as higher coconut water content, making them more useful as food and water reserves for sea voyages. Coconuts were also later spread in historic times along the coasts of the Indian and Atlantic Oceans by South Asian, Arab, and European sailors. Some of the intercrops identified include cassava, bananas, blackpepper and ginger. While theres no direct way to make your hair grow faster overnight, there are steps you can take to keep your hair healthy and long. It supplies food, drink and shelter and also supplies raw material to number of industries intimately connected with domestic as well as economic life. [85] Mechanical coconut climbing devices and even automated robots have also been recently developed in countries like India, Sri Lanka, and Malaysia. 50 % of existing coconut palms have passed their economic bearing age (60 years) and are due for replanting, around 900 million coconut seedlings are required at a value of USD$ 2.7 Billion to secure a sustainable future for the global coconut estate. China is the largest producer of watermelon, Brazil of oranges, Italy of grapes and India of bananas. Frison, E.A. Harvesting and Yield in Lucerne Cultivation, Important Problems of Coconut Cultivation, Farming Systems & Sustainable Agriculture, Breeding of Field and Horticultural Crops agriculture information, Fundamentals to Entomology agriculture information, Production Techniques for Biological Control Agents, Practicals on Technology of Milk & Milk Products agriculture information, Economics of Natural Resources & Farm Management agriculture information. in history at New Mexico State University. [118][119] Another method is to shake the coconut. This pattern coincides with the known trade routes of Austronesian sailors. However, to exploit these opportunities there must be synergy created among private sector, public sector, research, technical actors and alignment of resources, objectives and targets," Mr Ferretti had remarked in his roadmap presentation. The fruit, meat, water, and milk of the coconut are all widely consumed as part of the diet in many parts of the world. The Philippines and Indonesia lead in copra production, and throughout the South Pacific copra is one of the most important export products. In some coconut growing countries, the coconut is the main or only source of foreign exchange earnings. Palm. [25] The female flower is much larger than the male flower. [27] The 2014 coral atoll origin hypothesis proposed that the coconut had dispersed in an island hopping fashion using the small, sometimes transient, coral atolls. As of 2006, the U.S. annually imported 190 million pounds of coconut oil, whose worldwide trade reached $20 million. [11] Many modern different varieties are also grown, including the Maypan coconut, King coconut, and Macapuno. [14][16][17], Coconut fruits have two distinctive forms depending on domestication. [3][4] It has also acquired religious significance in South Asian cultures, where it is used in Hindu rituals. The coconut palm is an important crop in many tropical countries, providing food products and raw materials for industries (Jones, 1991). AGRI INFO - My Agriculture Information Bank, Importance, Composition and Uses of Coconut. nana) varieties. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 59 (7): 995. The day is recognized as the beginning of the joyful, colourful Holi celebrations and is seen as a symbolic triumph of good over evil. [34][35][36][37] Coco and coconut apparently came from 1521 encounters by Portuguese and Spanish explorers with Pacific Islanders, with the coconut shell reminding them of a ghost or witch in Portuguese folklore called coco (also cca). The conditions required for coconut trees to grow without any care are: The main limiting factor for most locations which satisfy the rainfall and temperature requirements is canopy growth, except those locations near coastlines, where the sandy soil and salt spray limit the growth of most other trees. A single coconut palm may yield 100 coconuts annually, and each fruit requires a year to fully ripen. [10], True-to-type dwarf varieties of Pacific coconuts have been cultivated by the Austronesian peoples since ancient times. On the eve of Choti Holi . Per 100-gram serving, coconut water contains 19 calories and no significant content of essential nutrients. [185], This article is about the plant. Chan, Edward and Craig R. Elevitch. ~It also helps to make skin softer and more supple. [44], Coconuts have a nearly cosmopolitan distribution due to human cultivation and dispersal. [140][141] It can also be fermented to produce a jelly-like dessert known as nata de coco. They can also be cooked in sugar and eaten as a dessert in the Philippines known as bukayo.[117][123][124][125][126]. Plants are intolerant of cold weather and prefer copious precipitation, as well as full sunlight. He consulted the catalogue Herbarium Amboinense by Georg Eberhard Rumphius where Rumphius said that coccus was a homonym of coccum and coccus from Greek kokkos meaning "grain"[41] or "berry", but Romans identified coccus with "kermes insects"; Rumphius preferred the word cocus as a replacement. The origin of dwarf varieties is Southeast Asia, which contain the tall cultivars that are genetically closest to dwarf coconuts. (1993). They grow best near sea level, within 15 degrees of the Equator. The Hindu goddess of well-being and wealth, Lakshmi, is often shown holding a coconut. Especially immature coconuts (6 to 8 months from flowering) sold for coconut water and softer jelly-like coconut meat (known as "green coconuts", "young coconuts", or "water coconuts"), where the original coloration of the fruit is more aesthetically pleasing. Malakanin (literally "cooked rice-like") refers to young coconut meat (around 78 months old) which has a more opaque white appearance, a soft texture similar to cooked rice, and can still be easily scraped off the coconut shell. About 75% of the world's supply of coconuts is produced by Indonesia, the Philippines, and India. It is grown in tropical and subtropical regions, with the majority of global production occurring in Asia, followed by the Pacific and the Americas. Bangalore, Karnataka 560025, Monday to Friday 9:30 AM 5:30 PM [79][80][81], To avoid this, coconuts workers in the Philippines and Guam traditionally use bolos tied with a rope to the waist to cut grooves at regular intervals on the coconut trunks. ", "Indian state decides coconut trees are no longer trees but palms", "Medieval Sourcebook: Ibn Battuta: Travels in Asia and Africa 13251354", "Coconut Industry in Sri Lanka Sri Lanka Export Development Board", "Australia has a lot of coconut palms so why don't we have a coconut industry?
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